{"id":20414,"date":"2025-11-18T10:00:41","date_gmt":"2025-11-18T01:00:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ecomottblog.com\/?p=20414"},"modified":"2025-11-17T18:18:52","modified_gmt":"2025-11-17T09:18:52","slug":"namespace%e3%82%92%e6%b4%bb%e7%94%a8%e3%81%97%e3%81%9f%e3%83%8d%e3%83%83%e3%83%88%e3%83%af%e3%83%bc%e3%82%af%e6%a4%9c%e8%a8%bc%e3%81%ae%e4%b8%80%e4%be%8b","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ecomottblog.com\/?p=20414","title":{"rendered":"namespace\u3092\u6d3b\u7528\u3057\u305f\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u691c\u8a3c\u306e\u4e00\u4f8b"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u73fe\u5728\u306e\u30a6\u30a8\u30d6\u958b\u767a\u3067\u306f\u7570\u306a\u308b\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u306b\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u7aef\u672b\u540c\u58eb\u304c\u9023\u643a\u3057\u305f\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u3092\u69cb\u7bc9\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u591a\u304f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001\u5f0a\u793e\u88fd\u54c1\u306e\u30af\u30e9\u30a6\u30c9\u30ed\u30ac\u30fcLTE\u304c\u30af\u30e9\u30a6\u30c9\u3068\u9023\u643a\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u901a\u4fe1\u4e8b\u696d\u8005\u306e\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u5185\u306e\u7aef\u672b\u3068AWS\u306e\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u5185\u306e\u30b5\u30fc\u30d0\u30fc\u306e\u7570\u306a\u308b\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u306b\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u7aef\u672b\u540c\u58eb\u304c\u901a\u4fe1\u3092\u884c\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u74b0\u5883\u3067\u306e\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u69cb\u7bc9\u306e\u969b\u306b\u3001\u5b9f\u969b\u306b\u30b5\u30fc\u30d0\u30fc\u3084\u7aef\u672b\u3092\u7528\u610f\u3059\u308b\u524d\u306b\u3001PC\u5185\u306b\u4e8b\u524d\u691c\u8a3c\u74b0\u5883\u3092\u69cb\u7bc9\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3068\u4fbf\u5229\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u672c\u8a18\u4e8b\u3067\u306flinux\u4e0a\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066namespace\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u3066\u8907\u6570\u306e\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u74b0\u5883\u3092\u69cb\u7bc9\u3057\u3001\u52d5\u4f5c\u691c\u8a3c\u306e\u4e00\u4f8b\u3068\u3057\u3066NAT\u306e\u3044\u304f\u3064\u304b\u306e\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3(Full Cone NAT, Restricted Cone NAT)\u306e\u52d5\u4f5c\u3092\u898b\u3066\u307f\u305f\u3044\u3068\u601d\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<br \/>\n<!--more--><\/p>\n<h2>\u306f\u3058\u3081\u306b<\/h2>\n<p>\u672c\u8a18\u4e8b\u3067\u306f\u30b3\u30f3\u30c6\u30ca\u3068namespace\u3092\u7d44\u307f\u5408\u308f\u305b\u3066\u3001\u8907\u6570\u306e\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u7a7a\u9593\u3092\u6301\u3064\u74b0\u5883\u3092\u69cb\u7bc9\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<br \/>\n\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306b\u30b3\u30f3\u30c6\u30ca\u6280\u8853\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306fdocker\u304c\u6709\u540d\u3067\u3059\u304c\u3001docker\u306f\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3092\u81ea\u52d5\u5316\u3057\u3066\u304f\u308c\u308b\u53cd\u9762\u3001\u7d30\u304b\u3044\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3092\u884c\u3046\u3053\u3068\u304c\u96e3\u3057\u3044\u5834\u5408\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<br \/>\n\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3092\u6e80\u305f\u3059\u74b0\u5883\u3092\u69cb\u7bc9\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u3001\u672c\u8a18\u4e8b\u3067\u306fip\u30b3\u30de\u30f3\u30c9\u3068systemd-nspawn\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u305f\u3044\u3068\u601d\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u7ba1\u7406\u30c4\u30fc\u30eb\u3068\u3057\u3066\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306aip\u30b3\u30de\u30f3\u30c9\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u3066\u3001\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u30d5\u30a7\u30fc\u30b9\u3084\u30eb\u30fc\u30c6\u30a3\u30f3\u30b0\u306e\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3092\u884c\u3046<\/li>\n<li>\u4f5c\u6210\u3057\u305f\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u30d5\u30a7\u30fc\u30b9\u3092\u30b3\u30f3\u30c6\u30ca\u306e\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u3068\u3057\u3066\u4f7f\u7528\u3059\u308b<\/li>\n<li>systemd\u306e\u30b5\u30fc\u30d3\u30b9\u3092\u52d5\u4f5c\u3055\u305b\u308b(\u305f\u3060\u3057\u3001\u4eca\u56de\u306fsystemd\u30b5\u30fc\u30d3\u30b9\u306f\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u307e\u305b\u3093)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>namespace\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066<\/h3>\n<p>namespace\u306flinux\u74b0\u5883\u3067\u30ea\u30bd\u30fc\u30b9\u3092\u72ec\u7acb\u3055\u305b\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u4ed5\u7d44\u307f\u3067\u3059\u3002<br \/>\nCPU\u3084\u30e1\u30e2\u30ea\u7b49\u306e\u30ea\u30bd\u30fc\u30b9\u3092\u72ec\u7acb\u3055\u305b\u308bcgroup\u3068\u7d44\u307f\u5408\u308f\u305b\u3066\u4f7f\u7528\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u591a\u304f\u3001docker\u7b49\u306e\u30b3\u30f3\u30c6\u30ca\u6280\u8853\u306e\u57fa\u76e4\u306b\u3082\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3088\u3046\u3067\u3059\u3002<br \/>\nnamespace\u306b\u306f\u3044\u304f\u3064\u304b\u306e\u7a2e\u985e\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u672c\u8a18\u4e8b\u3067\u306f\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30afnamespace\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u3066\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u7a7a\u9593\u3092\u72ec\u7acb\u3055\u305b\u307e\u3059\u3002<br \/>\n(systemd-nspawn\u306f\u72ec\u81ea\u306bnamespace\u3084cgroup\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u601d\u3044\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u672c\u8a18\u4e8b\u3067\u306f\u53d6\u308a\u4e0a\u3052\u307e\u305b\u3093)<\/p>\n<h2>\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u69cb\u6210<\/h2>\n<p>\u672c\u8a18\u4e8b\u3067\u4f5c\u6210\u3059\u308b\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u306e\u69cb\u6210\u306f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u56f3\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-20423\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ecomottblog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/NAT\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u69cb\u6210\u56f3.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"996\" height=\"681\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ecomottblog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/NAT\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u69cb\u6210\u56f3.jpg 996w, https:\/\/www.ecomottblog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/NAT\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u69cb\u6210\u56f3-300x205.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.ecomottblog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/NAT\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u69cb\u6210\u56f3-768x525.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.ecomottblog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/NAT\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u69cb\u6210\u56f3-304x208.jpg 304w, https:\/\/www.ecomottblog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/NAT\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u69cb\u6210\u56f3-282x193.jpg 282w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 996px) 100vw, 996px\" \/><br \/>\n\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30afnamespace\u306fsystemd-nspawn\u3067\u751f\u6210\u3057\u305f\u30b3\u30f3\u30c6\u30ca\u306b\u63a5\u7d9a\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<br \/>\n\u304b\u3063\u3053\u5185\u306e\u4e0a\u6bb5\u306f\u30b3\u30f3\u30c6\u30ca\u540d\u3001\u4e0b\u6bb5\u306fnamespace\u540d\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5b9f\u969b\u306e\u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u4e0a\u306e\u901a\u4fe1\u306f\u591a\u6570\u306e\u30b2\u30fc\u30c8\u30a6\u30a8\u30a4\u3092\u7d4c\u7531\u3057\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u672c\u8a18\u4e8b\u3067\u306f\u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u3092\u30d6\u30e9\u30c3\u30af\u30dc\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\u3068\u8003\u3048\u30011\u3064\u306enamespace\u3067\u69cb\u6210\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<br \/>\n\u3053\u306e\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u3092\u69cb\u7bc9\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u30b9\u30af\u30ea\u30d7\u30c8(netns.sh)\u306f\u672c\u8a18\u4e8b\u672b\u5c3e\u306b\u63b2\u8f09\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u306e\u3067\u3001\u3053\u3053\u3067\u306f\u8a73\u7d30\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f\u8aac\u660e\u3092\u5272\u611b\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30afnamespace\u306e\u6e96\u5099<\/h3>\n<p>netns.sh\u306f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u5b9f\u884c\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"lang:default decode:true\">#\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u4f5c\u6210\n$ sudo .\/netns.sh create\n#\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u524a\u9664\n$ sudo .\/netns.sh clean\n<\/pre>\n<p>\u4e0a\u8a18\u5b9f\u884c\u5f8c\u306bip netns\u3067\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u3068namespace\u304c\u4f5c\u6210\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u5206\u304b\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<br \/>\n\u307e\u305f\u3001namespace\u5185\u3067ip link\u3092\u5b9f\u884c\u3059\u308b\u3068\u4f5c\u6210\u3057\u305f\u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u30d5\u30a7\u30fc\u30b9\u304c\u8868\u793a\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u30db\u30b9\u30c8\u5074\u3067\u5b9f\u884c\u3057\u305f\u5834\u5408\u306f\u8868\u793a\u3055\u308c\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u304b\u3089\u3001\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u30d5\u30a7\u30fc\u30b9\u3082\u72ec\u7acb\u3057\u305fnamespace\u306b\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u5206\u304b\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"lang:default decode:true\">#\u751f\u6210\u3055\u308c\u305fnamespace\n$ ip netns\nns-c1-nat (id: 4)\nns-c1 (id: 3)\nns-c0-nat (id: 1)\nns-c0 (id: 0)\nns-inet (id: 2)\n\n# \u30db\u30b9\u30c8\u5074\u3067\u306eip link\u5b9f\u884c\n# (MAC\u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9\u7b49\u306e\u60c5\u5831\u306f\u5272\u611b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059)\n$ ip link show\n1: lo: &lt;loopback,up,lower_up&gt; mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000\n2: enp0s3: &lt;broadcast,multicast,up,lower_up&gt; mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000\n\n# c0-nat\u5185\u3067ip link\u5b9f\u884c\n$ sudo ip -n ns-c0-nat link\n1: lo: &lt;loopback,up,lower_up&gt; mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000\n50: ve-c0-nat-node@if51: &lt;broadcast,multicast,up,lower_up&gt; mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000\n53: ve-c0-nat-inet@if52: &lt;broadcast,multicast,up,lower_up&gt; mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000\n&lt;\/broadcast,multicast,up,lower_up&gt;&lt;\/broadcast,multicast,up,lower_up&gt;&lt;\/loopback,up,lower_up&gt;&lt;\/broadcast,multicast,up,lower_up&gt;&lt;\/loopback,up,lower_up&gt;<\/pre>\n<h2>systemd-nspawn\u74b0\u5883\u306e\u69cb\u7bc9<\/h2>\n<p>systemd-nspawn\u306fchroot\u3092\u5f37\u5316\u3057\u305f\u30b3\u30de\u30f3\u30c9\u3068\u8a00\u308f\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001namespace\u3084cgroup\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u3066\u30b3\u30f3\u30c6\u30ca\u3092\u8d77\u52d5\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4eca\u56de\u306f\u5b66\u7fd2\u7528\u306b\u81ea\u524d\u3067ip\u30b3\u30de\u30f3\u30c9\u3067namespace\u3092\u4f5c\u6210\u3057\u305f\u3053\u3068\u304b\u3089\u3001namespace\u3068\u63a5\u7d9a\u3057\u3084\u3059\u3044systemd-nspawn\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<br \/>\n\u307e\u305f\u3001\u672c\u8a18\u4e8b\u3067\u306f\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u305b\u3093\u304c\u3001systemd-nspawn\u306e\u30b3\u30f3\u30c6\u30ca\u5185\u3067\u306fsystemd\u3092\u8d77\u52d5\u3067\u304d\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u30b3\u30f3\u30c6\u30ca\u4e2d\u3067systemd\u30b5\u30fc\u30d3\u30b9\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u305f\u3044\u5834\u5408\u306b\u3082\u4fbf\u5229\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u30eb\u30fc\u30c8\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30eb\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u306e\u6e96\u5099<\/h3>\n<p>\u4eca\u56de\u306fdebootstrap\u3067\u4f5c\u6210\u3057\u305f\u30eb\u30fc\u30c8\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30eb\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u3092\u30b3\u30f3\u30c6\u30ca\u3068\u3057\u3066\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<br \/>\n\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3067\u306fnoble\u914d\u4e0b\u306bubuntu24.04(noble)\u306e\u30eb\u30fc\u30c8\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30eb\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u3092\u30c0\u30a6\u30f3\u30ed\u30fc\u30c9\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"lang:default decode:true\">$ sudo debootstrap noble noble http:\/\/archive.ubuntu.com\/ubuntu\/\n...\nI: Base system installed successfully.\n<\/pre>\n<p>\u30c0\u30a6\u30f3\u30ed\u30fc\u30c9\u3057\u305f\u307e\u307e\u306e\u72b6\u614b\u3067\u306f\u30e6\u30fc\u30b6\u306e\u30d1\u30b9\u30ef\u30fc\u30c9\u304c\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u306e\u3067\u3001\u4e00\u65e6chroot\u3067\u30ed\u30b0\u30a4\u30f3\u3057\u3066\u30d1\u30b9\u30ef\u30fc\u30c9\u3092\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u304a\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<br \/>\n\u30b3\u30f3\u30c6\u30ca\u5185\u3067\u306froot\u3067\u4f5c\u696d\u3092\u884c\u3046\u305f\u3081\u3001root\u306e\u30d1\u30b9\u30ef\u30fc\u30c9\u3092\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"lang:default decode:true\">$ sudo chroot noble\/ \/bin\/bash\ngroups: cannot find name for group ID 118\nroot@test:\/# passwd\nNew password:\nRetype new password:\npasswd: password updated successfully\n<\/pre>\n<p>debootstrap\u304c\u5b8c\u4e86\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306bsystemd-nspawn\u304b\u3089\u8d77\u52d5\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<br \/>\nsystemd\u306e\u30b5\u30fc\u30d3\u30b9\u3082\u8d77\u52d5\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u5206\u304b\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"lang:default decode:true\">$ sudo systemd-nspawn -D noble\/ -b\nSpawning container noble on \/home\/test\/work\/debootstrap\/noble.\nPress ^] three times within 1s to kill container.\nsystemd 255.4-1ubuntu8 running in system mode (+PAM +AUDIT +SELINUX +APPARMOR +IMA +SMACK +SECCOMP +GCRYPT -GNUTLS +OPENSSL +ACL +BLKID +CURL +ELFUTILS +FIDO2 +IDN2 -IDN +IPTC +KMOD +LIBCRYPTSETUP +LIBFDISK +PCRE2 -PWQUALITY +P11KIT +QRENCODE +TPM2 +BZIP2 +LZ4 +XZ +ZLIB +ZSTD -BPF_FRAMEWORK -XKBCOMMON +UTMP +SYSVINIT default-hierarchy=unified)\nDetected virtualization systemd-nspawn.\nDetected architecture x86-64.\n...\n[  OK  ] Finished systemd-update-utmp-runlevel.service - Record Runlevel Change in UTMP.\n\n\nUbuntu 24.04 LTS test pts\/0\n\ntest login: root\nPassword:\nWelcome to Ubuntu 24.04 LTS (GNU\/Linux 5.10.0-34-amd64 x86_64)\n<\/pre>\n<h3>btrfs\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u305f\u30eb\u30fc\u30c8\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30eb\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u306e\u4f5c\u6210<\/h3>\n<p>\u8d77\u52d5\u4e2d\u306e\u30b3\u30f3\u30c6\u30ca\u3068\u540c\u3058\u30eb\u30fc\u30c8\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30eb\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u304b\u3089\u65b0\u305f\u306b\u30b3\u30f3\u30c6\u30ca\u3092\u8d77\u52d5\u3057\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u3068\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"lang:default decode:true\">$ sudo systemd-nspawn -D noble\/ -b\nDirectory tree \/home\/test\/work\/debootstrap\/noble is currently busy.\n$\n<\/pre>\n<p>systemd-nspawn\u306b&#8211;ephemeral\u30aa\u30d7\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3053\u306e\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u306f\u56de\u907f\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<br \/>\n\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001&#8211;ephemeral\u30aa\u30d7\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306f\u8d77\u52d5\u6642\u306b\u30eb\u30fc\u30c8\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30eb\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u3092\u4e00\u6642\u9818\u57df\u306b\u30b3\u30d4\u30fc\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u8d77\u52d5\u306b\u6642\u9593\u304c\u304b\u304b\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<br \/>\n\u307e\u305f\u8907\u6570\u306e\u30b3\u30f3\u30c6\u30ca\u3092\u540c\u6642\u306b\u8d77\u52d5\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001RAM\u306e\u4f7f\u7528\u91cf\u3082\u5897\u52a0\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u305d\u3053\u3067\u3001\u8d77\u52d5\u901f\u5ea6\u3068RAM\u4f7f\u7528\u91cf\u3092\u6539\u5584\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u3001\u30b9\u30ca\u30c3\u30d7\u30b7\u30e7\u30c3\u30c8\u3092\u30b5\u30dd\u30fc\u30c8\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308bbtrfs\u3067\u30eb\u30fc\u30c8\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30eb\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u3092\u4f5c\u6210\u3057\u305f\u3044\u3068\u601d\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<br \/>\n\u3053\u3061\u3089\u306e\u624b\u9806\u306f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3092\u53c2\u8003\u306b\u3055\u305b\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3060\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/idle.nprescott.com\/2022\/systemd-nspawn-and-btrfs.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/idle.nprescott.com\/2022\/systemd-nspawn-and-btrfs.html<\/a><\/p>\n<pre class=\"lang:default decode:true\"># 5GB\u306e\u9818\u57df\u3092\u30a4\u30e1\u30fc\u30b8\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30eb\u5411\u3051\u306b\u78ba\u4fdd\n$  fallocate -l 5G btrfs.img\n# \u30a4\u30e1\u30fc\u30b8\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30eb\u5185\u306bbtrfs\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30eb\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u3092\u4f5c\u6210\n$ \/sbin\/mkfs.btrfs btrfs.img\nbtrfs-progs v5.10.1\n...\n\n#\u30a4\u30e1\u30fc\u30b8\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30eb\u3092\u30de\u30a6\u30f3\u30c8\n$ mkdir root\n$ sudo mount -o loop btrfs.img root\/\n# debootstrap\u3067\u30c0\u30a6\u30f3\u30ed\u30fc\u30c9\u3057\u305f\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30eb\u7fa4\u3092\u79fb\u52d5\n$ sudo cp -r noble\/* root\/\n<\/pre>\n<p>btrfs\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067&#8211;ephemeral\u4f7f\u7528\u6642\u306e\u30b3\u30f3\u30c6\u30ca\u8d77\u52d5\u6642\u9593\u3068RAM\u4f7f\u7528\u91cf\u304c\u3069\u306e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u6539\u5584\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u3066\u307f\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>\u8d77\u52d5\u6642\u9593\u306e\u6bd4\u8f03<\/h4>\n<p>\u8d77\u52d5\u6642\u9593\u5dee\u3092\u660e\u78ba\u306b\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u3001ls\u30b3\u30de\u30f3\u30c9\u3092\u5b9f\u884c\u3057\u3066\u7d42\u4e86\u3059\u308b\u3060\u3051\u306e\u30b3\u30f3\u30c6\u30ca\u3092\u8d77\u52d5\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<br \/>\n3\uff5e4\u79d2\u9ad8\u901f\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u5206\u304b\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"lang:default decode:true\"># ext4\u4e0a\u306e\u30eb\u30fc\u30c8\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30eb\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u306e\u5834\u5408\n$ time sudo  systemd-nspawn -D noble\/ --ephemeral ls\nSpawning container noble-7f3650b7b741662f on \/home\/test\/work\/debootstrap\/.#machine.noble03044e0a90e9a5e5.\nPress ^] three times within 1s to kill container.\nbin  bin.usr-is-merged  boot  dev  etc  home  lib  lib.usr-is-merged  lib64  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var\nContainer noble-7f3650b7b741662f exited successfully.\n\nreal    0m3.819s\nuser    0m0.070s\nsys     0m3.148s\n\n# btrfs\u4e0a\u306e\u30eb\u30fc\u30c8\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30eb\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u306e\u5834\u5408\n$ time sudo  systemd-nspawn -D root\/ --ephemeral ls\nSpawning container root-90f838c50c93a8b1 on \/home\/test\/work\/debootstrap\/root\/.#machine.b39a72068515c4fe.\nPress ^] three times within 1s to kill container.\nbin  bin.usr-is-merged  boot  dev  etc  home  lib  lib.usr-is-merged  lib64  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var\nContainer root-90f838c50c93a8b1 exited successfully.\n\nreal    0m0.213s\nuser    0m0.051s\nsys     0m0.039s\n<\/pre>\n<h4>\u30e1\u30e2\u30ea\u4f7f\u7528\u91cf\u306e\u6bd4\u8f03<\/h4>\n<p>\u6b21\u306b\u30e1\u30e2\u30ea\u4f7f\u7528\u91cf\u3082\u898b\u3066\u307f\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30b3\u30f3\u30c6\u30ca\u8d77\u52d5\u76f4\u5f8c\u306eRAM\u4f7f\u7528\u91cf\u3092\u51fa\u529b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<br \/>\next4\u3067\u306efree\u306e\u6e1b\u5c11\u91cf(738-&gt;262)\u3088\u308abtrf\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u305f\u65b9\u304cfree\u306e\u6e1b\u5c11\u91cf(736-&gt;657)\u304c\u5c0f\u3055\u304f\u3001\u30b3\u30f3\u30c6\u30ca\u5b9f\u884c\u4e2d\u306e\u30e1\u30e2\u30ea\u4f7f\u7528\u91cf\u304c\u6291\u3048\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u5206\u304b\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"lang:default decode:true\"># ext4\u4e0a\u306e\u30eb\u30fc\u30c8\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30eb\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u306e\u5834\u5408\n# sudo  systemd-nspawn -D noble\/ --ephemeral -b\u5b9f\u884c\u524d\n$ free -m\n               total        used        free      shared  buff\/cache   available\nMem:            7944        3168         738          75        4037        4392\nSwap:            975         520         455\n# sudo  systemd-nspawn -D noble\/ --ephemeral -b\u5b9f\u884c\u4e2d\n$ free -m\n               total        used        free      shared  buff\/cache   available\nMem:            7944        3177         262          75        4504        4382\nSwap:            975         520         455\n\n# btrfs\u4e0a\u306e\u30eb\u30fc\u30c8\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30eb\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u306e\u5834\u5408\n# sudo  systemd-nspawn -D root\/ --ephemeral -b\u5b9f\u884c\u524d\n$ free -m\n               total        used        free      shared  buff\/cache   available\nMem:            7944        3163         736          75        4044        4396\nSwap:            975         520         455\n# sudo  systemd-nspawn -D root\/ --ephemeral -b\u5b9f\u884c\u4e2d\n$ free -m\n               total        used        free      shared  buff\/cache   available\nMem:            7944        3174         657          75        4112        4385\nSwap:            975         520         455\n<\/pre>\n<h3>\u4f7f\u7528\u3059\u308b\u30d1\u30c3\u30b1\u30fc\u30b8\u306e\u30a4\u30f3\u30b9\u30c8\u30fc\u30eb<\/h3>\n<p>\u30b9\u30ca\u30c3\u30d7\u30b7\u30e7\u30c3\u30c8\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u3066\u8d77\u52d5\u3057\u305f\u30b3\u30f3\u30c6\u30ca\u4e0a\u306e\u5909\u66f4\u306f\u3001\u30b3\u30f3\u30c6\u30ca\u7d42\u4e86\u5f8c\u306b\u7834\u68c4\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<br \/>\n\u305d\u306e\u305f\u3081\u3001\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u30d1\u30c3\u30b1\u30fc\u30b8\u306f&#8211;ephemeral\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u305b\u305a\u306b\u8d77\u52d5\u3057\u305f\u30b3\u30f3\u30c6\u30ca\u4e0a\u306b\u4e8b\u524d\u306b\u30a4\u30f3\u30b9\u30c8\u30fc\u30eb\u3057\u3066\u304a\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<br \/>\n\u3053\u3053\u3067\u306f\u672c\u8a18\u4e8b\u5f8c\u534a\u3067\u4f7f\u7528\u3059\u308bconntrack\u3084iptables\u3092\u30a4\u30f3\u30b9\u30c8\u30fc\u30eb\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"lang:default decode:true\">$ sudo systemd-nspawn -D noble\/ -b\n# \u30b3\u30f3\u30c6\u30ca\u306b\u30ed\u30b0\u30a4\u30f3\u3057\u3066apt install\u3092\u5b9f\u884c\nroot@test:~# apt install conntrack iptables\n#\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u304c\u51fa\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306fresolv.conf\u7b49\u306eDNS\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\nW: Failed to fetch http:\/\/archive.ubuntu.com\/ubuntu\/dists\/noble\/InRelease  Temporary failure resolving 'archive.ubuntu.com'\nW: Some index files failed to download. They have been ignored, or old ones used instead.\n<\/pre>\n<h2>\u30b3\u30f3\u30c6\u30ca\u306e\u8d77\u52d5<\/h2>\n<p>\u30b3\u30f3\u30c6\u30ca\u3068\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u74b0\u5883\u306e\u6e96\u5099\u304c\u6574\u3063\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3001\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30afnamespace\u3092\u30b3\u30f3\u30c6\u30ca\u306b\u63a5\u7d9a\u3057\u3066\u8d77\u52d5\u3057\u3066\u307f\u307e\u3059\u3002<br \/>\nsystemd-nspawn\u306e\u30aa\u30d7\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u7c21\u5358\u306b\u8aac\u660e\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>><\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u30aa\u30d7\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3<\/th>\n<th>\u8aac\u660e<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>&#8211;network-namespace-path<\/td>\n<td>\u30b3\u30f3\u30c6\u30ca\u306b\u63a5\u7d9a\u3059\u308bnamespace\u306e\u30d1\u30b9(\u901a\u5e38\/var\/run\/netns\/\u914d\u4e0b\u306b\u5b58\u5728)\u3092\u6307\u5b9a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>&#8211;capabitrty<\/td>\n<td>\u30b3\u30f3\u30c6\u30ca\u5185\u3067\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u306e\u64cd\u4f5c\u3092\u884c\u3046\u305f\u3081\u3001CAP_NET_ADMIN\u3092\u6307\u5b9a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>-M<\/td>\n<td>\u8907\u6570\u306e\u30b3\u30f3\u30c6\u30ca\u3092\u8d77\u52d5\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u5404\u30b3\u30f3\u30c6\u30ca\u306b\u306f\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u69cb\u6210\u3067\u793a\u3057\u305f\u540d\u524d\u3092\u6307\u5b9a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u8d77\u52d5\u4f8b\u306f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"lang:default decode:true\">$ sudo .\/netns.sh create\n#\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u5404systemd-nspawn\u306f\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u30bf\u30fc\u30df\u30ca\u30eb\u3092\u8d77\u52d5\u3057\u3066\u5b9f\u884c\u3057\u307e\u3059\n$ sudo systemd-nspawn --ephemeral -b -D root --network-namespace-path=\/var\/run\/netns\/ns-c0 --capability=CAP_NET_ADMIN -M c0\n$ sudo systemd-nspawn --ephemeral -b -D root --network-namespace-path=\/var\/run\/netns\/ns-c0-nat --capability=CAP_NET_ADMIN -M c0-nat\n$ sudo systemd-nspawn --ephemeral -b -D root --network-namespace-path=\/var\/run\/netns\/ns-c1 --capability=CAP_NET_ADMIN -M c1\n$ sudo systemd-nspawn --ephemeral -b -D root --network-namespace-path=\/var\/run\/netns\/ns-c1-nat --capability=CAP_NET_ADMIN -M c1-nat\n<\/pre>\n<p>\u8d77\u52d5\u4e2d\u306e\u30b3\u30f3\u30c6\u30ca\u306fmachinectl\u30b3\u30de\u30f3\u30c9\u3067\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<br \/>\n\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u4f8b\u3067\u306fc0, c0-nat, c1\u3001c1-nat\u304c\u8d77\u52d5\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u5206\u304b\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<br \/>\n\u307e\u305fmachinectl\u306f\u5404\u7a2e\u30b3\u30de\u30f3\u30c9\u304c\u642d\u8f09\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u8d77\u52d5\u4e2d\u306e\u30b3\u30f3\u30c6\u30ca\u3078\u306e\u30ed\u30b0\u30a4\u30f3\u3082\u53ef\u80fd\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"lang:default decode:true\">$ machinectl\nMACHINE CLASS     SERVICE        OS     VERSION ADDRESSES\nc0      container systemd-nspawn ubuntu 24.04   10.0.1.1\u2026\nc0-nat  container systemd-nspawn ubuntu 24.04   10.0.1.100\u2026\nc1      container systemd-nspawn ubuntu 24.04   10.0.2.1\u2026\nc1-nat  container systemd-nspawn ubuntu 24.04   10.0.2.100\u2026\n\n3 machines listed.\n<\/pre>\n<h2>NAT\u52d5\u4f5c\u691c\u8a3c<\/h2>\n<p>\u672c\u8a18\u4e8b\u3067\u306f\u30b7\u30f3\u30d7\u30eb\u306a\u52d5\u4f5c\u78ba\u8a8d\u3092\u884c\u3046\u305f\u3081\u306b\u3001UDP\u30d1\u30b1\u30c3\u30c8\u306e\u901a\u4fe1\u3092\u4f7f\u3063\u305f\u691c\u8a3c\u3092\u884c\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u691c\u8a3c\u5bfe\u8c61\u306eNAT\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066<\/h3>\n<p>\u4eca\u56de\u306e\u691c\u8a3c\u3067\u306fNAT\u306e\u52d5\u4f5c\u3092\u898b\u3066\u307f\u305f\u3044\u3068\u601d\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<br \/>\nNAT\u306f\u5927\u304d\u304f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e4\u7a2e\u985e\u306b\u5206\u3051\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3088\u3046\u3067\u3059\u304c\u3001\u4e0b\u306b\u884c\u304f\u307b\u3069\u5236\u7d04\u304c\u53b3\u3057\u304f\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<td>NAT\u7a2e\u5225<\/td>\n<td>\u8aac\u660e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Full Cone NAT<\/td>\n<td>\u5185\u90e8\u3068\u5916\u90e8\u306e\u30dd\u30fc\u30c8\u306e\u30de\u30c3\u30d4\u30f3\u30b0\u304c\u56fa\u5b9a\u3002\u30de\u30c3\u30d4\u30f3\u30b0\u3055\u308c\u305f\u30dd\u30fc\u30c8\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3001\u5916\u90e8\u304b\u3089\u306e\u30d1\u30b1\u30c3\u30c8\u3092\u5185\u90e8\u30db\u30b9\u30c8\u306b\u8ee2\u9001<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Restricted Cone NAT<\/td>\n<td>\u5185\u90e8\u3068\u5916\u90e8\u306e\u30dd\u30fc\u30c8\u306e\u30de\u30c3\u30d4\u30f3\u30b0\u304c\u56fa\u5b9a\u3002\u30de\u30c3\u30d4\u30f3\u30b0\u3055\u308c\u305f\u30dd\u30fc\u30c8\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3001\u5185\u90e8\u304b\u3089\u901a\u4fe1\u78ba\u7acb\u3057\u305f\u76f8\u624b(IP\u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9\u306e\u307f\u5224\u5b9a)\u304b\u3089\u306e\u30d1\u30b1\u30c3\u30c8\u3092\u5185\u90e8\u30db\u30b9\u30c8\u306b\u8ee2\u9001<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Port Restricted Cone NAT<\/td>\n<td>\u5185\u90e8\u3068\u5916\u90e8\u306e\u30dd\u30fc\u30c8\u306e\u30de\u30c3\u30d4\u30f3\u30b0\u304c\u56fa\u5b9a\u3002\u30de\u30c3\u30d4\u30f3\u30b0\u3055\u308c\u305f\u30dd\u30fc\u30c8\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3001\u5185\u90e8\u304b\u3089\u901a\u4fe1\u78ba\u7acb\u3057\u305f\u76f8\u624b(\u5916\u90e8IP\u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9\uff0b\u30dd\u30fc\u30c8\u3092\u5224\u5b9a)\u304b\u3089\u306e\u30d1\u30b1\u30c3\u30c8\u3092\u5185\u90e8\u30db\u30b9\u30c8\u306b\u8ee2\u9001<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Symmetric NAT<\/td>\n<td>\u5185\u90e8\u304b\u3089\u306e\u901a\u4fe1\u3054\u3068\u306b\u7570\u306a\u308b\u5916\u90e8\u30dd\u30fc\u30c8\u3092\u30de\u30c3\u30d4\u30f3\u30b0\u3002\u30de\u30c3\u30d4\u30f3\u30b0\u3055\u308c\u305f\u30dd\u30fc\u30c8\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3001\u5185\u90e8\u304b\u3089\u901a\u4fe1\u78ba\u7acb\u3057\u305f\u76f8\u624b(\u5916\u90e8IP\u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9\uff0b\u30dd\u30fc\u30c8\u3092\u5224\u5b9a)\u304b\u3089\u306e\u30d1\u30b1\u30c3\u30c8\u3092\u5185\u90e8\u30db\u30b9\u30c8\u306b\u8ee2\u9001<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u73fe\u5728\u3067\u306f\u30de\u30c3\u30d4\u30f3\u30b0\u3068\u30d5\u30a3\u30eb\u30bf\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\u3092\u5206\u3051\u3066Endpoint-Independent Mapping\u3084Endpoint-Independent Filtering\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u5206\u985e\u304c\u63a8\u5968\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3088\u3046\u3067\u3059\u304c\u3001\u672c\u8a18\u4e8b\u3067\u306f\u4e0a\u8a184\u5206\u985e\u306e\u7528\u8a9e\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u3001Full Cone NAT\u3068Restricted Cone NAT\u306e\u52d5\u4f5c\u3092conntrack\u30b3\u30de\u30f3\u30c9\u3067\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u3066\u307f\u305f\u3044\u3068\u601d\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>conntrack\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066<\/h3>\n<p>conntrack\u306f\u30ab\u30fc\u30cd\u30eb\u304c\u7ba1\u7406\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u63a5\u7d9a\u8ffd\u8de1\u30c6\u30fc\u30d6\u30eb\u3092\u8868\u793a\u30fb\u64cd\u4f5c\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u30b3\u30de\u30f3\u30c9\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>ss\u3084netstat\u306f\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u3068\u7d10\u3065\u3044\u305f\u30bd\u30b1\u30c3\u30c8\u306e\u60c5\u5831\u3092\u8868\u793a\u3057\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001conntrack\u306f\u30ab\u30fc\u30cd\u30eb\u5185\u90e8\u306eNAT\u5909\u63db\u3084\u63a5\u7d9a\u3084\u5207\u65ad\u306e\u72b6\u614b\u3092\u8868\u793a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<br \/>\n\u901a\u4fe1\u304c\u3069\u306e\u30bf\u30a4\u30df\u30f3\u30b0\u3067\u63a5\u7d9a\u78ba\u7acb\u3068\u5224\u65ad\u3055\u308c\u305f\u304b\u3084\u3001NAT\u5909\u63db\u524d\u5f8c\u306e\u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9\u30fb\u30dd\u30fc\u30c8\u7b49\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u3001\u901a\u4fe1\u72b6\u6cc1\u306e\u78ba\u8a8d\u306b\u5f79\u7acb\u3061\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>conntrack\u306e\u51fa\u529b\u5185\u5bb9\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u7c21\u5358\u306b\u8aac\u660e\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<br \/>\n\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306fc1\u304b\u3089c0-nat\u3078netcat\u3067UDP\u30d1\u30b1\u30c3\u30c8\u3092\u9001\u4fe1\u3057\u305f\u969b\u306ec1-nat\u306econntrack\u306e\u51fa\u529b\u4f8b\u3067\u3059\u3002<br \/>\nconntrack\u306f-E\u30aa\u30d7\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3092\u3064\u3051\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u30ea\u30a2\u30eb\u30bf\u30a4\u30e0\u306b\u72b6\u614b\u5909\u5316\u3092\u8868\u793a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"lang:default decode:true\"># c1\u304b\u3089netcat\u5b9f\u884c\nroot@test:~# echo 111|nc 100.64.1.100 12345 -u\n\n# c1-nat\u3067\u306econntrack\u51fa\u529b\nroot@test:~# conntrack -E\n    [NEW] udp      17 30 src=10.0.2.1 dst=100.64.1.100 sport=54536 dport=54321 [UNREPLIED] src=100.64.1.100 dst=100.64.2.100 sport=54321 dport=54321\n<\/pre>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u30d5\u30a3\u30fc\u30eb\u30c9<\/th>\n<th>\u8aac\u660e<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>[NEW]<\/td>\n<td>\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u30a8\u30f3\u30c8\u30ea\u3092\u4f5c\u6210<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>udp 17<\/td>\n<td>upd(\u30d7\u30ed\u30c8\u30b3\u30eb\u756a\u53f717)\u306e\u30d1\u30b1\u30c3\u30c8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>30<\/td>\n<td>\u5fdc\u7b54\u304c\u306a\u3044\u5834\u5408\u306b\u524a\u9664\u3055\u308c\u308b\u307e\u3067\u306e\u30bf\u30a4\u30e0\u30a2\u30a6\u30c8\u6642\u9593<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>src=10.0.2.1 dst=100.64.1.100 sport=54536 dport=54321<\/td>\n<td>\u9001\u4fe1\u5143\u306eIP\u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9\u306f10.0.2.1:54536, \u9001\u4fe1\u5148\u306f100.64.1.100:54321<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>[UNREPLIED]<\/td>\n<td>\u5fdc\u7b54\u30d1\u30b1\u30c3\u30c8\u304c\u672a\u691c\u51fa<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>src=100.64.1.100 dst=100.64.2.100 sport=54321 dport=54321<\/td>\n<td>\u671f\u5f85\u3059\u308b\u5fdc\u7b54\u5143\u306f100.64.1.100:54321\u3001\u5fdc\u7b54\u5148\u306f100.64.2.100:54321<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>Full Cone NAT\u306e\u691c\u8a3c<\/h3>\n<p>c0\u3092Full Cone NAT\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3001\u5bfe\u5411\u306ec1\u5074\u304b\u3089netcat\u3067\u30d1\u30b1\u30c3\u30c8\u3092\u9001\u4fe1\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<br \/>\n\u52d5\u4f5c\u7d50\u679c\u3092\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u30d6\u30ed\u30c3\u30af\u5185\u306b\u8a18\u8f09\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u30d6\u30ed\u30c3\u30af\u5185\u306e\u30b3\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8\u306e\u756a\u53f7\u304c\u30bf\u30a4\u30df\u30f3\u30b0\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<br \/>\nc1\u304b\u3089c0-nat(100.64.1.100)\u306e\u30dd\u30fc\u30c854321\u3078UDP\u30d1\u30b1\u30c3\u30c8\u3092\u9001\u4fe1\u3059\u308b\u3068c0-nat\u3067NAT\u5909\u63db\u304c\u884c\u308f\u308c\u3001c0(10.0.1.1)\u3067UDP\u30dd\u30fc\u30c812345\u3067\u53d7\u4fe1\u5f85\u3061\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308bnetcat\u306b\u30d1\u30b1\u30c3\u30c8\u304c\u5c4a\u3044\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u5206\u304b\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<br \/>\n\u307e\u305f\u3001c0-nat\u5916\u90e8\u304b\u3089\u306e\u30d1\u30b1\u30c3\u30c8\u304c\u7121\u6761\u4ef6\u3067c0-nat\u5185\u90e8\u306ec0\u306b\u5c4a\u3044\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001c0-nat\u304cFull Cone NAT\u306e\u52d5\u4f5c\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>c0<\/h4>\n<pre class=\"lang:default decode:true\"># (1) c0\u3067UDP\u30dd\u30fc\u30c812345\u3092\u53d7\u4fe1\u5f85\u3061\nroot@test:~# nc -l 12345 -u\n# (2) c1\u304b\u3089\u306e\u30d1\u30b1\u30c3\u30c8\u3092\u53d7\u4fe1\nabc\n<\/pre>\n<h4>c0-nat<\/h4>\n<pre class=\"lang:default decode:true\"># (1) c0-nat\u3067conntrack\u3067\u76e3\u8996\u958b\u59cb\nroot@test:~# conntrack -E\n# (2) c1\uff08\u5185\u90e8\u30db\u30b9\u30c8\uff09\u304b\u3089\u306e\u901a\u4fe1\u30d1\u30b1\u30c3\u30c8\uff08\u5916\u90e8\u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9100.64.2.100\u3068\u3057\u3066\uff09\u3092\u691c\u51fa\u3002c0\u304b\u3089\u306e\u5fdc\u7b54\u304c\u306a\u3044\u306e\u3067[UNREPLIED]\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\n    [NEW] udp      17 30 src=100.64.2.100 dst=100.64.1.100 sport=54321 dport=54321 [UNREPLIED] src=10.0.1.1 dst=100.64.2.100 sport=12345 dport=54321\n# (3) c0\u306enetcat\u304c\u8fd4\u4fe1\u30d1\u30b1\u30c3\u30c8\u3092\u9001\u4fe1\u3057\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u305f\u3081\u3001\u5fdc\u7b54\u30d1\u30b1\u30c3\u30c8\u304c\u30ab\u30fc\u30cd\u30eb\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u3067\u691c\u51fa\u3055\u308c\u305a\uff08UNREPLIED\u306e\u307e\u307e\uff09\u3001UDP\u306e\u30bf\u30a4\u30e0\u30a2\u30a6\u30c8\uff0830\u79d2\uff09\u3067\u524a\u9664\u3055\u308c\u305f\n[DESTROY] udp      17 src=100.64.2.100 dst=100.64.1.100 sport=54321 dport=54321 [UNREPLIED] src=10.0.1.1 dst=100.64.2.100 sport=12345 dport=54321\n<\/pre>\n<h4>c1<\/h4>\n<pre class=\"lang:default decode:true\">#(2) c1\u304b\u3089c0-nat\u306e\u30dd\u30fc\u30c854321\u3078UDP\u30d1\u30b1\u30c3\u30c8\u9001\u4fe1\nroot@test:~# echo abc | nc 100.64.1.100 54321 -u\n<\/pre>\n<h4>c1-nat<\/h4>\n<pre class=\"lang:default decode:true\"># (1) c1-nat\u3067conntrack\u3067\u76e3\u8996\u958b\u59cb\nroot@test:~# conntrack -E\n# (2) c1\u304b\u3089\u306e\u901a\u4fe1\u3092\u691c\u51fa\u3002c0\u304b\u3089\u306e\u5fdc\u7b54\u304c\u306a\u3044\u306e\u3067[UNREPLIED]\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\n    [NEW] udp      17 30 src=10.0.2.1 dst=100.64.1.100 sport=54536 dport=54321 [UNREPLIED] src=100.64.1.100 dst=100.64.2.100 sport=54321 dport=54321\n# (3) c0\u306enetcat\u304c\u8fd4\u4fe1\u30d1\u30b1\u30c3\u30c8\u3092\u9001\u4fe1\u3057\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u305f\u3081\u3001\u5fdc\u7b54\u30d1\u30b1\u30c3\u30c8\u304c\u30ab\u30fc\u30cd\u30eb\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u3067\u691c\u51fa\u3055\u308c\u305a\uff08UNREPLIED\u306e\u307e\u307e\uff09\u3001UDP\u306e\u30bf\u30a4\u30e0\u30a2\u30a6\u30c8\uff0830\u79d2\uff09\u3067\u524a\u9664\u3055\u308c\u305f\n[DESTROY] udp      17 src=10.0.2.1 dst=100.64.1.100 sport=54536 dport=54321 [UNREPLIED] src=100.64.1.100 dst=100.64.2.100 sport=54321 dport=54321\n<\/pre>\n<h3>Restricted Cone NAT\u306e\u691c\u8a3c: \u63a5\u7d9a\u78ba\u7acb\u524d<\/h3>\n<p>Restricted Cone NAT\u306f\u63a5\u7d9a\u304c\u78ba\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u524d\u306e\u72b6\u614b\u3067\u306f\u3001\u5916\u90e8\u304b\u3089\u306e\u30d1\u30b1\u30c3\u30c8\u3092NAT\u5185\u90e8\u306b\u8ee2\u9001\u3057\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<br \/>\nc1\u3092Restricted Cone NAT\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3001\u5148\u307b\u3069\u3068\u306f\u53cd\u5bfe\u306b\u5bfe\u5411\u306ec0\u5074\u304b\u3089netcat\u3067\u30d1\u30b1\u30c3\u30c8\u3092\u9001\u4fe1\u3057\u3066\u307f\u307e\u3059\u3002<br \/>\n\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306bRestricted Cone NAT\u5185\u306ec1\u3067\u306f\u30d1\u30b1\u30c3\u30c8\u3092\u53d7\u4fe1\u3067\u304d\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u304c\u5206\u304b\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<br \/>\n\u307e\u305f\u3001\u63a5\u7d9a\u304c\u524a\u9664\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5f8c\u306fc0\u304b\u3089c1\u3078\u30d1\u30b1\u30c3\u30c8\u304c\u5c4a\u304b\u306a\u304f\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u5206\u304b\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>c0<\/h4>\n<pre class=\"lang:default decode:true\">#(2) c0\u304b\u3089c1-nat\u306e\u30dd\u30fc\u30c854321\u3078UDP\u30d1\u30b1\u30c3\u30c8\u9001\u4fe1\nroot@test:~# echo xyz | nc 100.64.2.100 54321 -u\n<\/pre>\n<h4>c0-nat<\/h4>\n<pre class=\"lang:default decode:true\"># (1) c0-nat\u3067conntrack\u3067\u76e3\u8996\u958b\u59cb\nroot@test:~# conntrack -E\n# (2) c0-nat\u304b\u3089\u306e\u901a\u4fe1\u3092\u691c\u51fa\u3002c1\u304b\u3089\u306e\u5fdc\u7b54\u304c\u306a\u3044\u306e\u3067[UNREPLIED]\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\n    [NEW] udp      17 30 src=10.0.1.1 dst=100.64.2.100 sport=41807 dport=54321 [UNREPLIED] src=100.64.2.100 dst=100.64.1.100 sport=54321 dport=54321\n# (3) 30\u79d2\u7d4c\u904e\u3057\u3066\u3082\u5fdc\u7b54\u304c\u306a\u3044\u305f\u3081\u3001\u8ffd\u8de1\u5bfe\u8c61\u304b\u3089\u524a\u9664\u3055\u308c\u308b\n[DESTROY] udp      17 src=10.0.1.1 dst=100.64.2.100 sport=41807 dport=54321 [UNREPLIED] src=100.64.2.100 dst=100.64.1.100 sport=54321 dport=54321\n<\/pre>\n<h4>c1<\/h4>\n<pre class=\"lang:default decode:true\"># (1) c1\u3067UDP\u30dd\u30fc\u30c812345\u3092\u53d7\u4fe1\u5f85\u3061\nroot@test:~# nc -l 12345 -u\n# (2) c0\u304b\u3089\u306e\u30d1\u30b1\u30c3\u30c8\u3092\u53d7\u4fe1\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\n<\/pre>\n<h4>c1-nat<\/h4>\n<pre class=\"lang:default decode:true\"># (1) c1-nat\u3067conntrack\u3067\u76e3\u8996\u958b\u59cb\nroot@test:~# conntrack -E\n# (2) c0-nat\u304b\u3089\u306e\u901a\u4fe1\u3092\u691c\u77e5\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\n<\/pre>\n<h3>Restricted Cone NAT\u306e\u691c\u8a3c: \u63a5\u7d9a\u78ba\u7acb\u6642<\/h3>\n<p>\u6b21\u306bc1\u304c\u6700\u521d\u306bc0\u3078\u9001\u4fe1\u3092\u3057\u305f\u5834\u5408\u3092\u898b\u3066\u307f\u307e\u3059\u3002<br \/>\n\u3053\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3001c0\u304c\u8fd4\u4fe1\u3057\u305f\u6642\u70b9\u3067\u63a5\u7d9a\u304c\u78ba\u7acb\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3068\u5224\u65ad\u3055\u308c\u3001\u305d\u308c\u4ee5\u964d\u306ec0\u304b\u3089\u306e\u30d1\u30b1\u30c3\u30c8\u306fc1\u306b\u8ee2\u9001\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>c0<\/h4>\n<pre class=\"lang:default decode:true\"># (1) c0\u3067UDP\u30dd\u30fc\u30c812345\u3092\u53d7\u4fe1\u5f85\u3061\nroot@test:~# nc -l 12345 -u\n# (2) c1\u304b\u3089\u306e\u30d1\u30b1\u30c3\u30c8\u3092\u53d7\u4fe1\nabc\n# (3) c1\u3078\u30d1\u30b1\u30c3\u30c8\u3092\u8fd4\u4fe1\nreply 1\n# (4) c1\u3078\u3082\u3046\u4e00\u5ea6\u30d1\u30b1\u30c3\u30c8\u3092\u8fd4\u4fe1\nreply 2\n# (6) c1-nat\u3067\u63a5\u7d9a\u304c\u524a\u9664\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5f8c\u306b\u30d1\u30b1\u30c3\u30c8\u3092\u9001\u4fe1\nreply after destroy\n<\/pre>\n<h4>c0-nat<\/h4>\n<pre class=\"lang:default decode:true\"># (1) c0-nat\u3067conntrack\u3067\u76e3\u8996\u958b\u59cb\nroot@test:~# conntrack -E\n# (2) c1\u304b\u3089\u306e\u901a\u4fe1\u3092\u691c\u51fa\u3002c0\u304b\u3089\u306e\u5fdc\u7b54\u304c\u306a\u3044\u306e\u3067[UNREPLIED]\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\n    [NEW] udp      17 30 src=100.64.2.100 dst=100.64.1.100 sport=54321 dport=54321 [UNREPLIED] src=10.0.1.1 dst=100.64.2.100 sport=12345 dport=54321\n# (3) c0\u304b\u3089\u306e\u8fd4\u4fe1\u3092\u691c\u51fa\u3057[UNREPLIED]\u304c\u6d88\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u72b6\u614b\u3067c1\u304b\u3089c0\u3078\u306e\u63a5\u7d9a\u304c\u78ba\u7acb\u3057\u305f\u3068\u5224\u65ad\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\n [UPDATE] udp      17 30 src=100.64.2.100 dst=100.64.1.100 sport=54321 dport=54321 src=10.0.1.1 dst=100.64.2.100 sport=12345 dport=54321\n# (4) c0\u304b\u3089\u306e\u518d\u5ea6\u306e\u901a\u4fe1\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u901a\u4fe1\u5b89\u5b9a\u3068\u5224\u65ad\u3057\u3066[ASSURED]\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u30bf\u30a4\u30e0\u30a2\u30a6\u30c8\u6642\u9593\u304c120\u79d2\u306b\u5ef6\u9577\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\n [UPDATE] udp      17 120 src=100.64.2.100 dst=100.64.1.100 sport=54321 dport=54321 src=10.0.1.1 dst=100.64.2.100 sport=12345 dport=54321 [ASSURED]\n# (5) 120\u79d2\u7d4c\u904e\u3057\u3066\u3082\u5fdc\u7b54\u304c\u306a\u3044\u305f\u3081\u3001\u8ffd\u8de1\u5bfe\u8c61\u304b\u3089\u524a\u9664\u3055\u308c\u308b\n[DESTROY] udp      17 src=100.64.2.100 dst=100.64.1.100 sport=54321 dport=54321 src=10.0.1.1 dst=100.64.2.100 sport=12345 dport=54321 [ASSURED]\n# (6) \u63a5\u7d9a\u304c\u524a\u9664\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5f8c\u306e\u9001\u4fe1\u30d1\u30b1\u30c3\u30c8\u3092\u691c\u51fa\n    [NEW] udp      17 30 src=10.0.1.1 dst=100.64.2.100 sport=12345 dport=54321 [UNREPLIED] src=100.64.2.100 dst=100.64.1.100 sport=54321 dport=54321\n<\/pre>\n<h4>c1<\/h4>\n<pre class=\"lang:default decode:true\">#(2) c1\u304b\u3089c0-nat\u306e\u30dd\u30fc\u30c854321\u3078UDP\u30d1\u30b1\u30c3\u30c8\u9001\u4fe1\nroot@test:~# echo abc | nc 100.64.1.100 54321 -u\n#(3) c0\u304b\u3089\u306e\u8fd4\u4fe1\u3092\u53d7\u4fe1\nreply 1\n#(4) c0\u304b\u3089\u306e\u8fd4\u4fe1\u3092\u3082\u3046\u4e00\u5ea6\u53d7\u4fe1\nreply 2\n# (6) c1-nat\u3067\u63a5\u7d9a\u304c\u524a\u9664\u3055\u308c\u305f\u305f\u3081\u3001c1\u304c\u30d1\u30b1\u30c3\u30c8\u3092\u53d7\u4fe1\u3067\u304d\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\n<\/pre>\n<h4>c1-nat<\/h4>\n<pre class=\"lang:default decode:true\"># (1) c1-nat\u3067conntrack\u3067\u76e3\u8996\u958b\u59cb\nroot@test:~# conntrack -E\n# (2) c1\u304b\u3089\u306e\u901a\u4fe1\u3092\u691c\u51fa\u3002c0\u304b\u3089\u306e\u5fdc\u7b54\u304c\u306a\u3044\u306e\u3067[UNREPLIED]\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\n    [NEW] udp      17 30 src=10.0.2.1 dst=100.64.1.100 sport=44432 dport=54321 [UNREPLIED] src=100.64.1.100 dst=100.64.2.100 sport=54321 dport=54321\n# (3) c0\u304b\u3089\u306e\u8fd4\u4fe1\u3092\u691c\u51fa\u3057[UNREPLIED]\u304c\u6d88\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u72b6\u614b\u3067c1\u304b\u3089c0\u3078\u306e\u63a5\u7d9a\u304c\u78ba\u7acb\u3057\u305f\u72b6\u614b\n [UPDATE] udp      17 30 src=10.0.2.1 dst=100.64.1.100 sport=44432 dport=54321 src=100.64.1.100 dst=100.64.2.100 sport=54321 dport=54321\n# (4) c0\u304b\u3089\u306e\u518d\u5ea6\u306e\u901a\u4fe1\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u901a\u4fe1\u5b89\u5b9a\u3068\u5224\u65ad\u3057\u3066[ASSURED]\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u30bf\u30a4\u30e0\u30a2\u30a6\u30c8\u6642\u9593\u304c120\u79d2\u306b\u5ef6\u9577\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\n [UPDATE] udp      17 120 src=10.0.2.1 dst=100.64.1.100 sport=44432 dport=54321 src=100.64.1.100 dst=100.64.2.100 sport=54321 dport=54321 [ASSURED]\n# (5) 120\u79d2\u7d4c\u904e\u3057\u3066\u3082\u5fdc\u7b54\u304c\u306a\u3044\u305f\u3081\u3001\u8ffd\u8de1\u5bfe\u8c61\u304b\u3089\u524a\u9664\u3055\u308c\u308b\n[DESTROY] udp      17 src=10.0.2.1 dst=100.64.1.100 sport=44432 dport=54321 src=100.64.1.100 dst=100.64.2.100 sport=54321 dport=54321 [ASSURED]\n# (6) \u63a5\u7d9a\u304c\u524a\u9664\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5f8c\u306e\u30d1\u30b1\u30c3\u30c8\u306fc1-nat\u3067\u7834\u68c4\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001conntrack\u4e0a\u3067\u691c\u51fa\u3055\u308c\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\n<\/pre>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u52d5\u4f5c\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001c1-nat\u304c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u306eRestricted Cone NAT\u3068\u3057\u3066\u52d5\u4f5c\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<br \/>\n\u307e\u305f\u3001UDP\u306e\u5834\u5408\u306f\u4e00\u5b9a\u6642\u9593\u901a\u4fe1\u304c\u306a\u3044\u5834\u5408\u306b\u5207\u65ad\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5224\u65ad\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3084\u3001\u305d\u308c\u4ee5\u964d\u306f\u5916\u90e8\u304b\u3089\u306e\u901a\u4fe1\u3092\u7834\u68c4\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u5206\u304b\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>\u4f59\u8ac7: wireguard\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308bPersistentKeepalive\u3068\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2<\/h4>\n<p>VPN\u30d7\u30ed\u30c8\u30b3\u30eb\u3068\u3057\u3066\u4eba\u6c17\u306e\u3042\u308bwireguard\u306f\u30ce\u30fc\u30c9\u9593\u306e\u901a\u4fe1\u306fUDP\u3067\u884c\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<br \/>\n\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306ewireguard\u306e\u6982\u8981\u3092\u898b\u308b\u3068\u3001NAT\u914d\u4e0b\u306b\u3042\u308bNAT\u306e\u63a5\u7d9a\u72b6\u614b\u3092\u7d99\u7d9a\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306bKeepAlive\u30d1\u30b1\u30c3\u30c8\u3092\u9001\u4fe1\u3059\u308b\u6a5f\u80fd\u304c\u3042\u308a\u3001\u9001\u4fe1\u9593\u9694\u306fPersistentKeepalive\u3068\u3044\u3046\u30d1\u30e9\u30e1\u30fc\u30bf\u3067\u6307\u5b9a\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3088\u3046\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wireguard.com\/quickstart\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NAT and Firewall Traversal Persistence<\/a><br \/>\n\u3053\u3053\u3067\u3001\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u591a\u304f\u306eNAT\u306b\u304a\u3044\u306625\u79d2\u304c\u9069\u5f53\u306a\u65e8\u306e\u8a18\u8f09\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"lang:default decode:true\">A sensible interval that works with a wide variety of firewalls is 25 seconds.\n<\/pre>\n<p>\u4e0a\u8a18\u691c\u8a3c\u3067UDP\u306e\u63a5\u7d9a\u78ba\u7acb\u5f8c\u3001ASSURED\u3068\u306a\u308b\u524d\u306e\u7121\u901a\u4fe1\u72b6\u614b\u3067\u306f30\u79d2\u3067\u63a5\u7d9a\u304c\u7834\u68c4\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3001wireguard\u306ePersistentKeepalive\u306e25\u79d2\u306f\u3053\u308c\u3092\u8e0f\u307e\u3048\u3066\u306e\u5024\u3068\u63a8\u6e2c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u5f8c\u7247\u3065\u3051<\/h3>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3092\u5b9f\u884c\u3057\u3066\u4eca\u56de\u306e\u691c\u8a3c\u3067\u4f5c\u6210\u3057\u305fnamespace\u3092\u524a\u9664\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"lang:default decode:true\">$ sudo .\/netns.sh clean\n<\/pre>\n<h2>\u307e\u3068\u3081<\/h2>\n<p>\u672c\u8a18\u4e8b\u3067\u306fip\u30b3\u30de\u30f3\u30c9\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u3066\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30afnamespace\u3092\u4f5c\u6210\u3057\u3001systemd-nspawn\u3067\u8d77\u52d5\u3057\u305f\u30b3\u30f3\u30c6\u30ca\u306b\u63a5\u7d9a\u3059\u308b\u65b9\u6cd5\u3092\u7d39\u4ecb\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<br \/>\n\u307e\u305f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u6d3b\u7528\u4f8b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3044\u304f\u3064\u304b\u306eNAT\u306e\u52d5\u4f5c\u691c\u8a3c\u3092\u884c\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<br \/>\n\u3053\u308c\u3089\u6280\u8853\u3092\u5fdc\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u540c\u4e00\u30db\u30b9\u30c8\u5185\u306b\u69d8\u3005\u306a\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u74b0\u5883\u3092\u69cb\u7bc9\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u3001\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u306e\u5b66\u7fd2\u3084\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u958b\u767a\u306e\u4e8b\u524d\u691c\u8a3c\u7b49\u306e\u52b9\u7387\u5316\u306b\u3082\u5f79\u7acb\u3064\u3068\u601d\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<br \/>\n\u672c\u8a18\u4e8b\u3092\u6d3b\u7528\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3060\u3051\u308c\u3070\u5e78\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>netns.sh<\/h2>\n<p>\u672c\u8a18\u4e8b\u3067\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u305fnetns.sh\u3092\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306b\u63b2\u8f09\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<br \/>\n\u3054\u4f7f\u7528\u306e\u74b0\u5883\u306eIP\u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9\u3068\u885d\u7a81\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306f\u9069\u5b9c\u4fee\u6b63\u3057\u3066\u3054\u4f7f\u7528\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"lang:default decode:true\">#!\/bin\/bash\n\nset -e\n\nCMD=\"${1:?}\"\n\n## \u7aef\u672b\u8a2d\u5b9a\n# \u7aef\u672b\u540d\nNODES=(\"c0\" \"c1\")\n# \u7aef\u672b\u306eIP\u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9\nNODE_IPS=(\"10.0.1.1\/24\" \"10.0.2.1\/24\")\n\n## NAT\u8a2d\u5b9a\n# \u7aef\u672b\u5074\u306eNAT\u306eIP\u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9\nNAT_FOR_NODE_IPS=(\"10.0.1.100\/24\" \"10.0.2.100\/24\")\n# \u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u5074\u306eNAT\u306eIP\u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9\nNAT_FOR_INET_IPS=(\"100.64.1.100\/24\" \"100.64.2.100\/24\")\n\n## \u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u8a2d\u5b9a\n# \u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u5074\u306eIP\u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9\nINET_FOR_NAT_IPS=(\"100.64.1.254\/24\" \"100.64.2.254\/24\")\n# \u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u306enamespace\nINET=\"inet\"\n\n# NAT\u7a2e\u5225\nNAT_TYPES=(\"fullcone\" \"restcone\")\n\n# NAT\u306eiptables\u8a2d\u5b9a\nfunction set_iptables_for_nat() {\n    local idx=${1:?}\n    local type=${NAT_TYPES[$idx]}\n\n    # \u7aef\u672b\u306enamespace\u3001veth\u3001IP\n    local node_ns=\"ns-${NODES[$idx]}\"\n    local node_veth=\"ve-${NODES[$idx]}\"\n    local node_ip=\"${NODE_IPS[$idx]}\"\n    node_ip=\"${node_ip%\/*}\"\n\n    # NAT\u306enamespace\u3068veth\n    local nat_ns=\"${node_ns}-nat\"\n    local nat_for_node_veth=\"${node_veth}-nat-node\"\n    local nat_for_inet_veth=\"${node_veth}-nat-inet\"\n    # \u7aef\u672b\u5411\u3051\u306eNAT\u306eIP\u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9\n    local nat_for_node_ip=${NAT_FOR_NODE_IPS[$idx]}\n    nat_for_node_ip=\"${nat_for_node_ip%\/*}\"\n    # \u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u5411\u3051\u306eNAT\u306eIP\u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9\n    local nat_for_inet_ip=${NAT_FOR_INET_IPS[$idx]}\n    nat_for_inet_ip=\"${nat_for_inet_ip%\/*}\"\n\n    # NAT\u5185\u90e8\u306e\u7aef\u672b\u306e\u30dd\u30fc\u30c8\n    local in_nat_port=12345\n    # \u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u5074\u306b\u516c\u958b\u3059\u308b\u30dd\u30fc\u30c8\n    local out_nat_port=54321\n\n    # \u4e8b\u524d\u306b\u5bfe\u8c61\u306enamespace\u306eiptables\u3092\u521d\u671f\u5316\u3057\u3066\u304a\u304f\n    ip netns exec \"${nat_ns}\" iptables -F\n    ip netns exec \"${nat_ns}\" iptables -X\n    ip netns exec \"${nat_ns}\" iptables -t nat -F\n    ip netns exec \"${nat_ns}\" iptables -t nat -X\n    ip netns exec \"${nat_ns}\" iptables -P INPUT DROP\n    ip netns exec \"${nat_ns}\" iptables -P FORWARD DROP\n\n    # \u30ab\u30fc\u30cd\u30eb\u30d1\u30e9\u30e1\u30fc\u30bf\u3067\u8ee2\u9001\u306f\u8a31\u53ef\u3057\u3066\u304a\u304f. NAT\u7a2e\u5225\u3054\u3068\u306biptables\u3067\u5236\u5fa1\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\n    ip netns exec \"${nat_ns}\" sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=1\n    echo \"set ${nat_for_inet_veth} to $type\"\n\n    case \"$type\" in\n    fullcone | restcone | portrestcone)\n        # Full Cone, Restricted Cone, Port Restricted Cone NAT\u306b\u5171\u901a\u306e\u8a2d\u5b9a\n        #\n        # \u5185\u90e8\u306e\u7aef\u672b\u304b\u3089\u5916\u90e8\u3078\u901a\u4fe1\u6642\u306b\u3001NAT\u306e\u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u5074\u306eIP\u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9\u3068\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u30dd\u30fc\u30c8\u306b\u5909\u63db\u3059\u308b\n        ip netns exec \"${nat_ns}\" iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o \"${nat_for_inet_veth}\" -p tcp -j SNAT --to-source \"${nat_for_inet_ip}:${out_nat_port}\"\n        ip netns exec \"${nat_ns}\" iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o \"${nat_for_inet_veth}\" -p udp -j SNAT --to-source \"${nat_for_inet_ip}:${out_nat_port}\"\n        # \u5916\u90e8\u304b\u3089\u306e\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b9\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u30dd\u30fc\u30c8\u3067\u53d7\u3051\u4ed8\u3051\u3001\u5185\u90e8\u306e\u7aef\u672b\u306e\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u30dd\u30fc\u30c8\u306b\u8ee2\u9001\u3059\u308b\n        ip netns exec \"${nat_ns}\" iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i \"${nat_for_inet_veth}\" -p tcp --dport \"${out_nat_port}\" -j DNAT --to-destination \"${node_ip}:${in_nat_port}\"\n        ip netns exec \"${nat_ns}\" iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i \"${nat_for_inet_veth}\" -p udp --dport \"${out_nat_port}\" -j DNAT --to-destination \"${node_ip}:${in_nat_port}\"\n        # \u5185\u90e8\u306e\u7aef\u672b\u304b\u3089\u306e\u8ee2\u9001\u306f\u5168\u3066\u8a31\u53ef\u3059\u308b\n        ip netns exec \"${nat_ns}\" iptables -A FORWARD -p tcp -i \"${nat_for_node_veth}\" -j ACCEPT\n        ip netns exec \"${nat_ns}\" iptables -A FORWARD -p udp -i \"${nat_for_node_veth}\" -j ACCEPT\n        ;;\n    *) ;;\n    esac\n\n    case \"$type\" in\n    #\u5404FORWARD\u306f\u4e0a\u8a18PREROUTING\u5909\u63db\u5f8c\u306e\u30d1\u30b1\u30c3\u30c8\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u9069\u7528\u3055\u308c\u308b\n    fullcone)\n        #\u4e0a\u8a18\u3067\u6307\u5b9a\u306e\u5916\u90e8\u30dd\u30fc\u30c8\u304b\u3089\u5909\u63db\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5834\u5408\u306f\u5168\u3066\u8ee2\u9001\u3092\u8a31\u53ef\u3059\u308b\n        ip netns exec \"${nat_ns}\" iptables -A FORWARD -p tcp -d \"${node_ip}\" --dport \"${in_nat_port}\" -j ACCEPT\n        ip netns exec \"${nat_ns}\" iptables -A FORWARD -p udp -d \"${node_ip}\" --dport \"${in_nat_port}\" -j ACCEPT\n        ;;\n    restcone)\n        # \u5185\u90e8\u304b\u3089\u901a\u4fe1\u3092\u78ba\u7acb\u3057\u305f\u76f8\u624b\uff08\u5916\u90e8IP\u306e\u307f\u5224\u5b9a\uff09\u304b\u3089\u306e\u30d1\u30b1\u30c3\u30c8\u3092\u8ee2\u9001\u3059\u308b\n        ip netns exec \"${nat_ns}\" iptables -A FORWARD -p tcp -d \"${node_ip}\" -m conntrack --ctstate ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT\n        ip netns exec \"${nat_ns}\" iptables -A FORWARD -p udp -d \"${node_ip}\" -m conntrack --ctstate ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT\n        ;;\n        #postrestcone, symmetric\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f\u4eca\u56de\u306e\u691c\u8a3c\u3067\u306f\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u306a\u3044\u306e\u3067\u30b3\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8\u5272\u611b\n    portrestcone)\n        ip netns exec \"${nat_ns}\" iptables -A FORWARD -p tcp -d \"${node_ip}\" --dport \"${in_nat_port}\" -m conntrack --ctstate ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT\n        ip netns exec \"${nat_ns}\" iptables -A FORWARD -p udp -d \"${node_ip}\" --dport \"${in_nat_port}\" -m conntrack --ctstate ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT\n        ;;\n    symmetric)\n        ip netns exec \"${nat_ns}\" iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o \"${nat_for_inet_veth}\" -j MASQUERADE\n        ;;\n    esac\n\n}\n\n# \u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8namespace\u4f5c\u6210\nfunction create_inet() {\n    local inet=${INET}\n\n    # \u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u306b\u898b\u7acb\u3066\u3066\u4e2d\u7d99\u3092\u884c\u3046\u3060\u3051\u306a\u306e\u3067\u3001FORWARD\u6a5f\u80fd\u306e\u307f\u6709\u52b9\u3068\u3059\u308b\n    ip netns add \"ns-${inet}\"\n    ip netns exec \"ns-${inet}\" iptables -P FORWARD ACCEPT\n    ip netns exec \"ns-${inet}\" sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=1\n}\n\n# \u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8namespace\u524a\u9664\nfunction delete_inet() {\n    local inet=${INET}\n\n    ip netns del \"ns-${inet}\"\n}\n\n# \u7aef\u672b\u3001NAT\u5411\u3051namespace\u751f\u6210\nfunction create_network() {\n    local idx=${1:?}\n\n    # \u7aef\u672b\u306enamespace\u3001veth\u3001IP\n    local node_ns=\"ns-${NODES[$idx]}\"\n    local node_veth=\"ve-${NODES[$idx]}\"\n    local node_ip=\"${NODE_IPS[$idx]}\"\n\n    # NAT\u306enamespace\n    local nat_ns=\"${node_ns}-nat\"\n    # NAT\u306e\u7aef\u672b\u5074veth, IP\u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9\n    local nat_for_node_veth=\"${node_veth}-nat-node\"\n    local nat_for_node_ip=${NAT_FOR_NODE_IPS[$idx]}\n\n    # NAT\u306e\u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u5074veth, IP\u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9\n    local nat_for_inet_veth=\"${node_veth}-nat-inet\"\n    local nat_for_inet_ip=${NAT_FOR_INET_IPS[$idx]}\n\n    # \u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u306enamespace\u3001veth\u3001IP\n    local inet_ns=\"ns-${INET}\"\n    local inet_veth=\"${node_veth}-inet\"\n    local inet_for_nat_ip=\"${INET_FOR_NAT_IPS[$idx]}\"\n\n    ## \u7aef\u672b\u5074\u306e\u8a2d\u5b9a\n    # veth\u306fnamespace\u9593\u3092\u63a5\u7d9a\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u4eee\u60f3\u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u30d5\u30a7\u30fc\u30b9\u30da\u30a2\n    # \u30db\u30b9\u30c8\u4e0a\u3067\u3001\u7aef\u672b\u3068NAT\u7aef\u672b\u5074\u306eveth\u30da\u30a2\u3092\u4f5c\u6210\n    ip link add dev \"${node_veth}\" type veth peer name \"${nat_for_node_veth}\"\n    # \u7aef\u672b\u306enamespace\u3092\u4f5c\u6210\n    ip netns add \"${node_ns}\"\n    # \u7aef\u672b\u306eveth\u3092\u7aef\u672bnamespace\u306b\u79fb\u52d5\n    ip link set dev \"${node_veth}\" netns \"${node_ns}\"\n\n    # ip -n namespace\u3067\u3001\u6307\u5b9a\u306enamespace\u5185\u3067ip\u30b3\u30de\u30f3\u30c9\u3092\u5b9f\u884c\u3067\u304d\u308b\n    # \u7aef\u672bnamespace\u3067IP\u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9\u8a2d\u5b9a\n    ip -n \"${node_ns}\" addr add dev \"${node_veth}\" \"${node_ip}\"\n    # \u7aef\u672bnamespace\u3067veth\u3092UP\u3059\u308b\n    ip -n \"${node_ns}\" link set dev \"${node_veth}\" up\n    # \u7aef\u672bnamespace\u3067\u30c7\u30d5\u30a9\u30eb\u30c8\u30eb\u30fc\u30c8\u3092NAT\u7aef\u672b\u5074\u306eIP\u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9\u306b\u8a2d\u5b9a\n    ip -n \"${node_ns}\" route add default via \"${nat_for_node_ip%\/*}\"\n\n    # NAT\u306enamespace\u3092\u4f5c\u6210\n    ip netns add \"${nat_ns}\"\n\n    ## NAT\u306e\u7aef\u672b\u5074\u306e\u8a2d\u5b9a\n    # \u7aef\u672b\u5074\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3067\u4f5c\u6210\u3057\u305fNAT\u7aef\u672b\u5074veth\u3092NAT\u306enamespace\u306b\u79fb\u52d5\n    ip link set dev \"${nat_for_node_veth}\" netns \"${nat_ns}\"\n    # NAT\u306enamespace\u3067IP\u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9\u8a2d\u5b9a\n    ip -n \"${nat_ns}\" addr add dev \"${nat_for_node_veth}\" \"${nat_for_node_ip}\"\n    # NAT\u306enamespace\u3067veth\u3092UP\u3059\u308b\n    ip -n \"${nat_ns}\" link set dev \"${nat_for_node_veth}\" up\n\n    ## NAT\u306e\u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u5411\u3051\u306e\u8a2d\u5b9a\n    ## \u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u5411\u3051\u306enamespace\u306fcreate_inet\u3067\u4f5c\u6210\u6e08\u307f\u306e\u524d\u63d0\n\n    # \u30db\u30b9\u30c8\u4e0a\u3067\u3001NAT\u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u5074\u3068\u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u306eveth\u30da\u30a2\u3092\u4f5c\u6210\n    ip link add dev \"${nat_for_inet_veth}\" type veth peer name \"${inet_veth}\"\n    # NAT\u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u5074veth\u3092NAT\u5074namespace\u306b\u79fb\u52d5\n    ip link set dev \"${nat_for_inet_veth}\" netns \"${nat_ns}\"\n    # \u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u306eveth\u3092\u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8namespace\u306b\u79fb\u52d5\n    ip link set dev \"${inet_veth}\" netns \"${inet_ns}\"\n\n    # NAT\u5411\u3051\u306enamespace\u3067NAT\u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u5074veth\u306eIP\u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9\u8a2d\u5b9a\n    ip -n \"${nat_ns}\" addr add dev \"${nat_for_inet_veth}\" \"${nat_for_inet_ip}\"\n    # NAT\u306enamespace\u3067veth\u3092UP\u3059\u308b\n    ip -n \"${nat_ns}\" link set dev \"${nat_for_inet_veth}\" up\n    # NAT\u306enamespace\u3067\u30c7\u30d5\u30a9\u30eb\u30c8\u30eb\u30fc\u30c8\u3092\u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u306eIP\u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9\u306b\u8a2d\u5b9a\n    ip -n \"${nat_ns}\" route add default via \"${inet_for_nat_ip%\/*}\"\n\n    # \u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8namespace\u3067\u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u306eveth\u306bIP\u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9\u8a2d\u5b9a\n    ip -n \"${inet_ns}\" addr add dev \"${inet_veth}\" \"${inet_for_nat_ip}\"\n    # \u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8namespace\u3067veth\u3092UP\u3059\u308b\n    ip -n \"${inet_ns}\" link set dev \"${inet_veth}\" up\n\n    # NAT\u7a2e\u5225\u306b\u5fdc\u3058\u305fiptables\u8a2d\u5b9a\n    set_iptables_for_nat \"${idx}\" \"${NAT_TYPES[$idx]}\"\n}\n\n# \u7aef\u672b\u3001NAT\u5411\u3051namespace\u524a\u9664\nfunction delete_network() {\n    local idx=${1:?}\n    local node_ns=\"ns-${NODES[$idx]}\"\n    local nat_ns=\"${node_ns}-nat\"\n\n    # namespace\u3092\u524a\u9664\u3059\u308b\u3068veth\u3082\u81ea\u52d5\u7684\u306b\u524a\u9664\u3055\u308c\u308b\n    ip netns del \"${node_ns}\"\n    ip netns del \"${nat_ns}\"\n}\n\nif [[ \"${CMD}\" = \"create\" ]]; then\n    # \u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u751f\u6210\n    create_inet\n    i=0\n    for _ in \"${NODES[@]}\"; do\n        echo $i\n        create_network ${i}\n        i=$((i + 1))\n    done\nelif [[ \"${CMD}\" = \"clean\" ]]; then\n    # \u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u524a\u9664\n    delete_inet\n    i=0\n    for _ in \"${NODES[@]}\"; do\n        echo $i\n        delete_network ${i}\n        i=$((i + 1))\n    done\n#    delete_inet\nfi\n<\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u73fe\u5728\u306e\u30a6\u30a8\u30d6\u958b\u767a\u3067\u306f\u7570\u306a\u308b\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u306b\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u7aef\u672b\u540c\u58eb\u304c\u9023\u643a\u3057\u305f\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u3092\u69cb\u7bc9\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u591a\u304f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002 \u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001\u5f0a\u793e\u88fd\u54c1\u306e\u30af\u30e9\u30a6\u30c9\u30ed\u30ac\u30fcLTE\u304c\u30af\u30e9\u30a6\u30c9\u3068\u9023\u643a\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u901a\u4fe1\u4e8b\u696d\u8005\u306e\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u5185\u306e\u7aef\u672b\u3068AWS\u306e\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":114,"featured_media":20433,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[382,381,383],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ecomottblog.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20414"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ecomottblog.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ecomottblog.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ecomottblog.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/114"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ecomottblog.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=20414"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/www.ecomottblog.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20414\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":20558,"href":"https:\/\/www.ecomottblog.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20414\/revisions\/20558"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ecomottblog.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/20433"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ecomottblog.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=20414"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ecomottblog.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=20414"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ecomottblog.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=20414"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}